ΠΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ 1
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅:
As long back as I can remember I always liked football. I like playing football and watching it discussing players, coaches, trainers and judges. My father took me to football lessons when I was 6 and I was the smallest player in the team and other boys were already 7-8 years old. Right now Iβm 12 and I hope I can become a professional player one day. I understand that I need to train a lot and work on myself all the time.
Iβve made some progress already, for example, I play for my school team even though most of the team players are 13-14 years old. Last year we couldnβt get any medals but Iβm sure we are going to do better this year.
My favorite football team is Zenit Saint Petersburg. I like its fans who adore their team so much and support it no matter what. Football club shows them the same love and it became the Champion of Russia and the owner of the Russian Cup several times and even won the UEFA Cup. There are a lot of people at every match they play.
My favorite player is Lionel Messi. He is the best bombardier of Spanish football club Β«BarcelonaΒ» and the national team of Argentina. He became the best player in the world several times.
Football is a great game that will keep you focused the whole match. Itβs also the most popular game in the world. During the World Championships, half of the citizens of our planet watch football. I hope that itβs popularity is going to grow every year and we will see outstanding games and goals.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄:
ΠΠ°ΠΊ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ, Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ» ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ». ΠΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ», ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ» ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ 6 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ 7-8 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π‘Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ 12 Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ. Π― ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ.
Π― ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π° ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΄, Ρ ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π΅ΠΉ 13-14 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½, ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠΌ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π° β Β«ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈΠ· Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π°. ΠΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΡΡ Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ . ΠΠ»ΡΠ± ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ β ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π§Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΡΠ±ΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΡΠ±ΠΊΠ° Π£ΠΠ€Π. ΠΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠΎΠΉ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠΊ β ΠΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π° Β«ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ½Π°Β» ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°.
Π€ΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ» β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π§Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ». Π― Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ 2
My name is Sergey. Iβm thirteen years old. Everybody must have an ardour for something or an activity he likes to do in a free time.
My hobby is collecting stamps. In the childhood my father collected stamps too. I liked his collection very much and I decided to carry on the tradition. My father helped me to begin collecting stamps. He had several repeated stamps and he gave me them. Also my grandmother found several old envelopes and gave me the stamps. I joined a club of stamp collectors and made new friends who have the same hobby. Now I can exchange stamps and discuss our collections.
All my stamps are kept in the special albums. They are divided into different themes. I have a lot of stamps with images of flowers, plants and famous people.
I like my hobby.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄:
ΠΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π‘Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ½Π΅ 13 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π£ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π·Π°Π½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ Π±Ρ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.
ΠΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈ β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠ° Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠ°, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π²Π΅. ΠΡΡ Ρ Π±Π°Π±ΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅. Π― Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ± ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π» Π΄ΡΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Ρ. Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ , ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ. Π£ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ.
ΠΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ 3
I was born in a very creative family thatβs why music was always a part of my life. My mother can play the piano very well, my father loves playing the guitar and singing for his friends. Often my parents turn on the songs of their favorite singers in our computer when theyβre cleaning the house, cooking food and do other things.
So no wonder, when I was four years old I used to run around the house with a toy microphone singing songs from different cartoons and I was not shy at all. Then later on, my mother started playing the piano when I sang and tried to teach me to hear the notes. A year later she brought me to the singing studio.
Now singing is my hobby. I go to the studio three times a week and I really like it. I like that the teacher allows me to choose the songs and it keeps me interested.
We do performances for our parents a couple times a year. During these performances everyone does a signature solo and sings as a part of the choir.
Sometimes I participate in our school celebrations as well. For example, my classmate and I sang a song with accompaniment of a guitar last new year. It came out really cool.
Of course every performance is a big challenge and test for you. I am very afraid of singing off-key or not being able to sing the top note thatβs why sometimes my knees get weakened before I enter the stage.
But if my performance goes well then itβs hard to express old the happiness I feel when the audience applaud me. I think it is the best reward for every performing artist thatβs what makes me continue mastering my skills so maybe in the future singing wonβt be just my hobby but my career.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄:
Π― ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ, Π° ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠ° Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ², Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π°ΠΊΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΡΡ, Π° ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ.
Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈ. Π― Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΆΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π· Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΉΡΠ΅Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ°.
ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ . ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΉ ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π³ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ.
ΠΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅, Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ β ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π― ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²Π·ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΆΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΡ .
ΠΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ³, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»ΡΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°-Π½ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π±ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ.